Degradable hydrogel fibers encapsulate and deliver metformin and periodontal ligament stem cells for dental and periodontal regeneration

Abstract Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are promising cells for dental and periodontal regeneration. Objective This study aimed to develop novel alginate-fibrin fibers that encapsulates hPDLSCs and metformin, to investigate the effect of metformin on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs, and to determine the regulatory role of the Shh/Gli1 signaling pathway in the metformin-induced osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs for the first time. Methodology CCK8 assay was used to evaluate hPDLSCs. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red S staining, and the expression of osteogenic genes were evaluated. Metformin and hPDLSCs were encapsulated in alginate-fibrinogen solutions, which were injected to form alginate-fibrin fibers. The activation of Shh/Gli1 signaling pathway was examined using qRT-PCR and western blot. A mechanistic study was conducted by inhibiting the Shh/Gli1 pathway using GANT61. Results The administration of 50 μM metformin resulted in a significant upregulation of osteogenic gene expression in hPDLSCs by 1.4-fold compared to the osteogenic induction group (P < 0.01), including ALP and runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2). Furthermore, metformin increased ALP activity by 1.7-fold and bone mineral nodule formation by 2.6-fold (P<0.001). We observed that hPDLSCs proliferated with the degradation of alginate-fibrin fibers, and metformin induced their differentiation into the osteogenic lineage. Metformin also promoted the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs by upregulating the Shh/Gli1 signaling pathway by 3- to 6- fold compared to the osteogenic induction group (P<0.001). The osteogenic differentiation ability of hPDLSCs were decreased 1.3- to 1.6-fold when the Shh/Gli1 pathway was inhibited, according to ALP staining and alizarin red S staining (P<0.01). Conclusions Metformin enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs via the Shh/Gli1 signaling pathway. Degradable alginate-fibrin hydrogel fibers encapsulating hPDLSCs and metformin have significant potential for use in dental and periodontal tissue engineering applications. Clinical Significance Alginate-fibrin fibers encapsulating hPDLSCs and metformin have a great potential for use in the treatment of maxillofacial bone defects caused by trauma, tumors, and tooth extraction. Additionally, they may facilitate the regeneration of periodontal tissue in patients with periodontitis.

The role of glutamine metabolism in castration-resistant prostate cancer / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Reprogramming of metabolism is a hallmark of tumors, which has been explored for therapeutic purposes. Prostate cancer (PCa), particularly advanced and therapy-resistant PCa, displays unique metabolic properties. Targeting metabolic vulnerabilities in PCa may benefit patients who have exhausted currently available treatment options and improve clinical outcomes. Among the many nutrients, glutamine has been shown to play a central role in the metabolic reprogramming of advanced PCa. In addition to amino acid metabolism, glutamine is also widely involved in the synthesis of other macromolecules and biomasses. Targeting glutamine metabolic network by maximally inhibiting glutamine utilization in tumor cells may significantly add to treatment options for many patients. This review summarizes the metabolic landscape of PCa, with a particular focus on recent studies of how glutamine metabolism alterations affect therapeutic resistance and disease progression of PCa, and suggests novel therapeutic strategies.

CDC20 expression in endometrial cancer and its effects on the proliferation and apoptosis of RL95-2 cells / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[摘 要] 目的：评估细胞分裂周期蛋白20（CDC20）在子宫内膜癌（EC）中的表达，探讨其对EC细胞RL95-2周期和凋亡的影响及可能的机制。方法：从癌症基因组图谱（TCGA）数据库获取EC的mRNA表达矩阵以及患者的临床信息，通过R语言分析CDC20 mRNA的差异表达情况及其与肿瘤分期的相关性，qPCR及WB法检测CDC20在RL95-2细胞中的表达；向RL95-2细胞转染sh-CDC20以敲减CDC20的表达，采用CCK-8法和流式细胞术检测敲减CDC20对RL95-2细胞增殖活力、细胞周期分布和凋亡的影响，WB法分析对Mcl-1/p-Chk1信号活性的影响；建立RL95-2细胞裸鼠移植瘤模型，评估敲减CDC20对肿瘤生长的抑制作用及对移植瘤组织中Mcl-1/p-Chk1信号轴和细胞凋亡的影响。结果：CDC20在EC组织及RL95-2细胞中呈高表达（均P<0.01），且CDC20的高表达与EC的分期有关联。敲减CDC20可显著降低RL95-2细胞增殖活力（P<0.01），阻滞细胞周期于G1期（P<0.01），促进细胞凋亡（P<0.01），抑制细胞中Mcl-1和p-Chk1的表达（P<0.05或P<0.01）。敲减CDC20可显著抑制RL95-2细胞裸鼠移植瘤的生长（P<0.01），降低移植瘤组织内Mcl-1和p-Chk1的表达（P<0.01），促进移植瘤细胞凋亡（P<0.01）。结论：CDC20在EC组织中呈高表达且与肿瘤分期有关联，敲减CDC20能够抑制RL95-2细胞及其裸鼠移植瘤的生长而促进凋亡，这可能与Mcl-1/p-Chk1信号轴有关。

Identifying the role of apolipoprotein A-I in prostate cancer / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Although localized prostate cancer (PCa) can be cured by prostatectomy and radiotherapy, the development of effective therapeutic approaches for advanced prostate cancer, including castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) and neuroendocrine PCa (NEPC), is lagging far behind. Identifying a novel prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for early diagnosis and intervention is an urgent clinical need. Here, we report that apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), the major component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), is upregulated in PCa based on both bioinformatics and experimental evidence. The fact that advanced PCa shows strong ApoA-I expression reflects its potential role in driving therapeutic resistance and disease progression by reprogramming the lipid metabolic network of tumor cells. Molecularly, ApoA-I is regulated by MYC, a frequently amplified oncogene in late-stage PCa. Altogether, our findings have revealed a novel indicator to predict prognosis and recurrence, which would benefit patients who are prone to progress to metastasis or even NEPC, which is the lethal subtype of PCa.

Current status and correlates of screen time among children in Guangdong during the COVID-19 pandemic / 中国学校卫生

@#To investigate the current status of online classes, screen time and its influencing factors among primary school students in Guangdong during the 2019 novel coronavirus pandemic.@*Methods@#Using the convenience sampling method, a total of 5 266 pupils aged 6-12-years-old from Guangzhou, Zhanjiang, and Zhongshan participated in the online questionnaire. ANOVA or chi square tests were performed to compare differences in online classes and screen time between grades, and multinomial Logistic regression was performed to analyze the correlates of recreational screen time.@*Results@#The prevalence of prolonged recreational screen time was 42.2% and 55.2% on weekdays and weekends, respectively. Recreational screen time increased by 40.31 min/d on weekdays and 33.07 min/d on weekends, compared to usual school semesters. The average duration of an online class was (26.07±9.62) min, which totaled (110.41±51.98)min per day. Sex, grade, being the only child, and parents education levels were identified as the influencing factors of prolonged recreational screen time. Children who practiced moderate levels (weekdays: OR =1.27; weekends: OR =1.40; P <0.05) or lower levels of physical activity (weekdays: OR =1.86; weekend: OR =1.84; P < 0.05 ) were at a higher risk of prolonged recreational screen time than those who practiced more vigorous physical activity. Children whose parents limited their screen time to a moderate (weekdays: OR=1.61, P <0.05) or lower level (weekdays: OR=1.32, P < 0.05 ) had a higher risk of prolonged recreational screen time than those with a higher frequency. Children with parents recreational screen time ≥ 2 h/d had a higher risk of prolonged recreational screen time than the reference group; children who exhibited moderate to vigorous levels of physical activity <1 h/d (weekdays: OR=1.31, P <0.05), and those used electronic devices for learning 1-2 h/d (weekdays: OR =2.65; weekend: OR =2.65; P <0.05) or for ≥2 h/d (weekdays: OR =4.05, weekend: OR=5.24, P < 0.05 ) were at a higher risk of prolonged recreational screen time than the reference group.@*Conclusion@#During the COVID-19 pandemic, the level of screen time among children in Guangdong was high. Behavioral monitoring and targeted interventions are needed to promote children s health.

Role of various imbalances centered on alveolar epithelial cell/fibroblast apoptosis imbalance in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

There have been recent extensive studies and rapid advancement on the pathogenesis underlying idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and intricate pathogenesis of IPF has been suggested. The purpose of this study was to clarify the logical relationship between these mechanisms. An extensive search was undertaken of the PubMed using the following keywords: "etiology," "pathogenesis," "alveolar epithelial cell (AEC)," "fibroblast," "lymphocyte," "macrophage," "epigenomics," "histone," acetylation," "methylation," "endoplasmic reticulum stress," "mitochondrial dysfunction," "telomerase," "proteases," "plasminogen," "epithelial-mesenchymal transition," "oxidative stress," "inflammation," "apoptosis," and "idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis." This search covered relevant research articles published up to April 30, 2020. Original articles, reviews, and other articles were searched and reviewed for content; 240 highly relevant studies were obtained after screening. IPF is likely the result of complex interactions between environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors: environmental exposures affect epigenetic marks; epigenetic processes translate environmental exposures into the regulation of chromatin; epigenetic processes shape gene expression profiles; in turn, an individual's genetic background determines epigenetic marks; finally, these genetic and epigenetic factors act in concert to dysregulate gene expression in IPF lung tissue. The pathogenesis of IPF involves various imbalances including endoplasmic reticulum, telomere length homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidant/antioxidant imbalance, Th1/Th2 imbalance, M1-M2 polarization of macrophages, protease/antiprotease imbalance, and plasminogen activation/inhibition imbalance. These affect each other, promote each other, and ultimately promote AEC/fibroblast apoptosis imbalance directly or indirectly. Excessive AEC apoptosis and impaired apoptosis of fibroblasts contribute to fibrosis. IPF is likely the result of complex interactions between environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors. The pathogenesis of IPF involves various imbalances centered on AEC/fibroblast apoptosis imbalance.

Effect of allogeneic platelet transfusion on migration and invasion of human lung cancer A549 cells and its mechanism of action / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[Abstract] Objective: To observe the effect of allogeneic platelets transfusion on the invasion and metastasis of human lung cancer A549 cells, and to preliminarily explore its mechanism of action. Methods: Eighty-nine patients with advanced lung cancer, who had received platelet transfusion in the Chemotherapy Department of Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University between January 2017 and December 2018, were enrolled in this study. The study cells were randomized into Ctrl group (A549 cells co-incubated with culture medium), Before group, and After group (A549 cells co-incubated with plasma Before and After platelet transfusion, respectively). The migration and invasion of A549 cells co-cultured with plasma before and after platelet transfection were detected by Scratch and Transwell experiments. The expression of MMPs, TIMPs and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related proteins E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Vimentin, as well as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor 2 (VEGFR2) were detected by Western blotting (WB) method. Results: The scratch healing ability of A549 cells in After group was significantly higher than that of Ctrl group and Before group [(73.67±2.60)% vs (58.33±2.33)%, (35.33±2.03) %; P<0.01, vs Ctrl group; P<0.05, vs Before group], and there was also a significant difference between Before group and Ctrl group (P<0.05). The results of cell migration experiment showed that the number of transmembrane cells in After group was significantly higher than that in Ctrl group and Before group [(69.67±7.84) vs (18±2.08) and (39.33±2.03), all P<0.01]. The cell invasion experiment showed that the number of transmembrane cells in After group was significantly higher than that in Ctrl group and Before group [(59.34±3.46) vs (18.34±1.56) and (37.58±2.79), all P<0.01]. When A549 cells were co-incubated with plasma before and after platelet transfusion for 48 h, it was found that the expressions of MMP9 and MMP2 were increased (P<0.05), while their inhibitors TIMP1 and TIMP2 were decreased (P<0.01); the expressions of EMT-related proteins N-cadherin and Vimentin were increased (P<0.05), but E-cadherin was decreased (P<0.01); the expressions of angiogenesis related proteins VEGF and VEGFR2 were increased (P<0.05). Conclusion: Alloplatelets transfusion can promote the invasion and metastasis of lung cancer A549 cells, which may be realized by regulation of the expressions of EMT, metallomatrix protease and vascular growth factor-related proteins.

Molecular characteristics of Acinetobacter baumannii and the changes of efflux pump expression under tigecycline pressure / 医学研究生学报

Objective　Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is a commonly infective bacterium in the hospital. This study aims to analyze its molecular epidemiological characteristics, detect the carrying rate of efflux pump and regulatory protein genes, and investigate the effects of tigecycline on the efflux pump and expression of regulatory protein genes.　Methods　A total of 183 A. baumannii strains were collected from inpatients of the affiliated hospital of Jiangsu University from May 2017 to March 2019. They were divided into an antimicrobial-resistant group (one or more antimicrobial-resistant strains, 139 strains) and a sensitive group (the drugs in the drug sensitivity test were all non-resistant strains, 44 strains). Repeated sequence PCR was used for homology analysis of the strains, and pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used as the gold standard for homology analysis to verify and compare some strains. PCR was used to detect the occurrence of drug resistance-related genes. Based on homology analysis, efflux pump carrying rate detection and antibiotics sensitivity test results, 6 clinical strains carrying all efflux pump genes but different resistance phenotypes were selected as experimental strains, including sensitive strains (SAB), the multidrug resistance strain (MDRAB) and the extensively drug-resistant strain (XDRAB). All strains were induced in vitro with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tigecycline. The induced strains were categorized as induction group, and the same strains cultured in LB agar without tigecycline was used as a control group. MIC was used to analyze the tigecycline susceptibility, and RT-qPCR was used to detect the gene expression of efflux pumps, such as TetB, AbaQ and regulatory proteins (AdeS and BaeS), in drug-resistant strains.　Results　Homology analysis showed that there were 45 clonal groups in the detected clinical isolates, with no obvious outbreak of epidemic clonal groups. Efflux pumps and regulatory proteins were widely distributed in the clinical isolates, and the expression of AdeB, TetB, AbeS, AdeS in MDRAB and XDRAB is significantly higher than that insensitive group SAB. Continuous in vitro induction with tigecycline could increase the antimicrobial resistance of some clinical strains and even significantly increase the expression levels of efflux pumps and regulatory proteins.　Conclusion　A. baumannii is widely distributed in the clinic, and efflux pumps and regulatory proteins might play an important role in drug resistance process. The unreasonable use of tigecycline could enhance the tolerance of A. baumannii by up-regulating the expression of some bacterial efflux pumps.

Knockout of glutathione peroxidase 5 down-regulates the piRNAs in the caput epididymidis of aged mice / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

The mammalian epididymis not only plays a fundamental role in the maturation of spermatozoa, but also provides protection against various stressors. The foremost among these is the threat posed by oxidative stress, which arises from an imbalance in reactive oxygen species and can elicit damage to cellular lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. In mice, the risk of oxidative damage to spermatozoa is mitigated through the expression and secretion of glutathione peroxidase 5 (GPX5) as a major luminal scavenger in the proximal caput epididymidal segment. Accordingly, the loss of GPX5-mediated protection leads to impaired DNA integrity in the spermatozoa of aged Gpx5

Toilet facilities and student toilet-using behavior in rural primary schools / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the current situation of toilet facilities among rural primary schools and toilet-using behavior among primary students,and to provide a reference for improving school environment.@*Methods@#Totally 149 students in 2 rural non-boarding primary schools in northern China were selected. and on-site observation and questionnaire survey were used to obtain the current situation of toilet hygiene, toilet time and toilet behavior, as well as feelings towards school toilet. The results of the survey were statistically analyzed by using SAS 9.4.@*Methods@#Both two schools were deep pit latrine, the number of pit in female toilets is lower than the requirements of the “Code for design of school”, and the urinal trough and the number of pit in male toilet meet the standard requirements. The average total time of toilet-using was (28.46±11.72)s for boys and (42.48±15.52)s for girls, the difference was of significant difference (t=-7.96, P<0.01). The average actual time of toilet-using is (24.27±9.13)s for boys and (24.69±9.40)s for girls, with no statistical difference. The result showed that school 2 was better than school 1 in the behavior of urinating frequency in toilet, queuing when using toilet, and the way to express needs of toilet-using in class(χ2=11.70,27.19,17.74,P<0.05); senior students use less toilets than lower grade students. The main complains for students in school toilet hygiene is its bad smell(χ2=5.28，13.18，P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Primary school students in northern China always take bathroom breaks in the morning, and the average time of toilet-using is different from that of adults. Senior students are more willing to express their toilet needs than lower grade students. Students are not satisfied with the hygiene of school toilets, and the toilet experience is poor.

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta inhibitors protectagainst the acute lung injuries resulting from acute necrotizing pancreatitis

Abstract Purpose The research is intended for clarification of the efficacy as well as the underlying mechanism of GSK-3β inhibitors on the advancement of acute lung injuries in acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) in rats. Methods Seventy-two rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: (1)ANP-vehicle; (2)ANP-TDZD-8;(3)ANP-SB216763;(4)Sham-vehicle;(5)Sham-TDZD-8;(6)Sham-SB216763; Blood biochemical test, histopathological examination and immunohistochemical analysis of rats pancreas and lung tissues were performed. The protein expression of GSK-3β, phospho-GSK-3β (Ser9), iNOS, ICAM-1, TNF-α, and IL-10 were detected in lung tissues by Western-blot. Results The outcomes revealed that the intervention of GSK-3β inhibitors alleviated the pathological damage of pancreas and lung (P<0.01), reduced serum amylase, lipase, hydrothorax and lung Wet-to-Dry Ratio, attenuated serum concentrations of IL-1β and IL-6 (P<0.01), inhibited the activation of NF-κB, and abated expression of iNOS, ICAM-1 and TNF-α protein, but up-regulated IL-10 expression in lung of ANP rats (P<0.01). The inflammatory response and various indicators in ANP-TDZD-8 groups were lower than those in ANP-SB216763 groups. Conclusions Inhibition of GSK-3β weakens acute lung injury related to ANP via the inhibitory function of NF-κB signaling pathway. Different kinds of GSK-3β inhibitors have different effects to ANP acute lung injury.

Expression and clinical significance of N-Myc and p53 in prostate cancer tissues / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To detect the expression of N-Myc and p53 in the tissues of prostate cancer (PCa) patients and to explore the relationship between them and their significance.Methods A total of 63 patients with PCa and 50 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) who underwent prostate surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were recruited in 2015-2016. The expression of N-Myc and p53 in pathological tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry of MaxVision method. Results The expression of N-Myc and p53 in PCa tissues was increased (P < 0.05). The expression of N-Myc and p53 in PCa tissues was correlated with bone metastases and TNM stage (P < 0.05), but not related to patient age, preoperative PSA level and other factors (P> 0.05). In addition, the expression of p53 was also correlated with Gleason score.Conclusion The high expression of N-Myc and p53 in PCa may involved in the malignant progression and metastasis of prostate cancer, and it is expected to become a new target for detecting PCa metastasis.

Study of the Er: YAG laser in periodontal flap surgery for the treatment of chronic periodontitis / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#Objective To explore the role of the Er: YAG laser in periodontal surgery.@*Methods @#Twenty patients with chronic periodontitis in two quadrants were selected for this study. One quadrant was subjected to pure periodontal flap surgery, whereas the other was subjected to flap surgery with an adjunctive Er: YAG laser. The preoperative and 3- and 6-month postoperative clinical parameters, including the probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival recession, plaque index, gingival index and tooth mobility, were recorded.@* Results@# Significant differences were not observed between the open flap surgery + Er: YAG laser-assisted treatment group and the open flap surgery group except for the gingival index after 3 months (0.36 ± 0.26 vs. 0.58 ± 0.29, t=3.831, P < 0.001) and 6 months (0.60 ± 0.23 vs. 0.83 ± 0.22, t=4.013, P < 0.001). @*Conclusion@#Er:YAG as an auxiliary treatment for periodontal flaps, does not significantly reduce the depth of periodontal pockets, nor could it improve the clinical adhesion level and the gingival recession, but it can improve the recovery of gingival inflammation and accelerate the healing of tissue.

A new aurone with anti-inflammatory activity from Cleistocalyx operculatus flower buds / 中国中药杂志

A new compound(Z)-6-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5,7-dimethylaurone was isolated from Cleistocalyx operculatus flower buds. Its structure was identified by spectroscopic data including MS, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR HSQC and HMBC. A known compound, 2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3'5'-dimethylchalcone (DMC), was also isolated and identified,and used as material to synthesize (Z)-6-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5,7-dimethylaurone.Anti-inflammatory activities of the two compounds were tested . The results showed that (Z)-6-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5,7-dimethylaurone possesses much stronger PGE₂ inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ 6.12 nmol·L⁻¹) than the positive control ibuprofen （68.66 nmol·L⁻¹）.

Serum LncRNA PCAT-1 Expression Level of Patients with Multiple Myeloma and Clinical Value / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To explore serum long stranded noncoding RNA (lncRNA) transcript 1 (PCAT-1) expression level of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and clinical value.Methods 72 cases of patients with MM treated in the Second People's Hospital of Zhaoqing City were selected as the study objects,and 60 cases of normal subjects undergoing physical examination in the same period were as the control group.Serum lncRNA PCAT-1 expression was detected by RT-PCR method.The relationship between lncRNA PCAT 1 expression and clinical pathological parameters,treatment effect was analyzed,and 5 years survival was analyzed by using Kaplan-Meier,and survival difference was detected by using Log-Rank method.Results Serum PCAT-1mRNA expression in MM group (2.65 ± 0.64) was significantly higher than that in the control group (1.06 ± 0.23,t=18.276,P=0.000).There were no significant differences in sex,clinical stage and pathological types of hemoglobin,plasma cells,platelets,albumin,β2-MG and CRP between PCAT 1 mRNA high expression group and low expression group (x2 =0.001 ～ 3.345,all P ＞ 0.05).Ca2+ ≥ 10 mg/dl in the PCAT-1 high expression group (57.14％) was significantly higher than that in the low expression group (27.27％,x2 =5.229,P=0.022).There was no significant difference in treatment effect between PCAT-1 mRNA high expression group and low expression group (88.64 ％ vs 75.00％,x2 =2.291,P=0.130).PFS and OS expression in PCAT-1 high expression group were lower than that in the low expression group (x2 =7.269,P =0.007;x2 =9.190,P =0.002).COX risk regression multiple factor analysis showed that age and PCAT-1mRNA expression were independent prognostic factors influencing patients (OR =3.275,P =0.025,95％CI:2.691～3.761;OR=2.136,P=0.046,95％CI:2.034～2.685).Conclusion LncRNA PCAT-1 is highly expressed in serum of patients with multiple myeloma,and correlated with the prognosis of patients.

Differential expression of adipose-specific phospholipase A2 mRNA in orbital adipose tissue in patients with TAO / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

·AIM:To analyze the difference in the level of fat-specific phospholipase A2 ( AdPLA) mRNA in the orbital adipose tissue between patients with thyroid - associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) and normal subjects. ·METHODS: Thirty-seven patients ( 37 eyes) with TAO ( stationary stage Ⅲ ) who underwent orbital decompression surgery in our hospital from December 2016 to December 2017 were selected as the observation group; in the same period, 35 cases (35 eyes) of normal orbital adipose tissue were selected as the control group, which the source of the normal eyelid tissue was cosmetic surgery, pouch resection and ptosis correction. The eyeball protrusion was used to measure the degree of protrusion of the eye on the fat side of the observation group and the control group, and the BMI status of the two groups was calculated. A 16-slice spiral CT from Siemens motion was used to perform CT examination of the eyelids of both groups of subjects. Image J was used to detect the fat volume of the fat side and real time PCR was used to detect the expression of AdPLA mRNA in the adipose tissue of the eyelids. ·RESULTS: There was no significant difference in mean age, BMI, and gender between the observation group and the control group (P>0. 05); the intraocular fatty acid content, ocular outgrowth and intracellular AdPLA mRNA expression in the observation group were 32. 21 ± 1. 85mL, 19.97±1.56mm, and 0.04±0.01, higher than those in the control group 24. 05±1. 64mL, 14. 07±1. 48mm, 0. 01±0. 003, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). ·CONCLUSION: The intraocular fatty acid content, ocular outgrowth and intracellular expression of AdPLA mRNA in TAO patients are all higher than those in normal subjects. The increase of AdPLA expression in the adipose tissue of eyes of TAO patients resulted in a decrease in the amount of fat hydrolysis and an increase in fat accumulation and increased emphasis.

Detection of serum and tissue miR-421 in patients with prostate cancer and its diagnostic significance / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To detect the expression of miR-421 in serum and tissues of prostate cancer ( PCa) and its clinical value inPCa. Methods 62 cases of PCa and 46 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were enrolled in the Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical Universi-ty from December 2015 to December 2016. Another 42 cases of paraffin-embedded sections of PCa and 37 cases of BPH were al-so used in this study. The expression of miR-421 in serum was detected by real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The expression of miR-421 in tissues was detected by in situ hybridization. Results The expression of miR-421 in serum of patients with PCa and BPH was ( 2. 52 ± 1. 70 ) and ( 0. 82 ± 0. 65 ), respectively. Compared with the expression of BPH, the expression of miR- 421 in serum of PCa was increased (P＜0. 05). The expression of miR-421 in serum and tissues of patients with PCa was corre-lated with Gleason score, TNM clinical stage, and bone metasta-ses (P＜0. 05). It was not related to the patient's age, preop-erative PSA level and other factors ( P＞0. 05). Conclusion miR-421 is more abundant in PCa patients than that in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, and is expected to become a diagnostic marker for PCa.

Related immunologic mechanisms of chronic prostatitis: Advances in studies / 中华男科学杂志

Chronic prostatitis is a common male disease with a high incidence rate and a serious impact on the patients' quality of life. The pathogenesis of chronic prostatitis remains unclear though it is considered to be possibly related to infection, inflammation, and abnormal pelvic nerve muscle activity. Recently, a growing number of studies have reported immune imbalance and changes of inflammatory cytokines in patients with chronic prostatitis as well as a close correlation of abnormal immune response with the occurrence of diseases, pelvic pain symptoms, mental symptoms, hyperalgesia, and so on. This review summarizes the latest advances in the studies of immunologic mechanisms of chronic prostatitis.

Sevoflurane preconditioning inhibits brain injury in hypoxic mice / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To observe the effects of sevoflurane preconditioning on brain injury in hypoxic mice and its possible mechanism. METHODS:Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control (C) group, hypoxia (H) group,2% sevoflurane preconditioning for 30 min + hypoxia(S1+H) group,2% sevoflurane preconditioning for 60 min+hypoxia (S2+H) group and 4% sevoflurane preconditioning for 30 min + hypoxia(S3+H) group. The hypoxia model was established by continuous inhalation of(6.5±0.1)% O2for 24 h. The sevoflurane preconditioning treatments,S1,S2 and S3,were conducted by inhalation of 2% sevoflurane for 30 min,2% sevoflurane for 60 min and 4% sevoflurane for 30 min,respectively,with the carrier of(21.0±0.5)% O2,followed by washout for 15 min and then hypoxia treatment. The histological changes of the hippocampal CA1 area were observed under light microscope and transmission electron micro-scope(TEM),and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was measured by colorimetric method. Furthermore, the protein levels of erythropoietin (EPO) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in brain tissue homogenate were ex-amined by ELISA,and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and gluta-thione peroxidase(GPx) were measured by microplate reader. RESULTS:After hypoxia for 24 h,cell edema or pyknosis in the hippocampal CA1 area was observed in H group. Sevoflurane preconditioning reduced hypoxic injury, and the cell ultrastructure under TEM was significantly improved in S2+H group. Compared with C group,the serum LDH activity and the levels of EPO,VEGF and MDA in brain tissues were significantly increased in H group,while the activity of SOD and GPx decreased. After sevoflurane pretreatment,the serum LDH activity and the levels of EPO and VEGF in brain tissues were lower than those in H group,and the most significant difference was observed in S2+H group. Moreover, the MDA content and SOD activity decreased,and the GPx activity increased in the sevoflurane preconditioning groups. CONCLU-SION:Sevoflurane preconditioning attenuates brain injury in hypoxic mice by regulating antihypoxic protein synthesis and reducing oxidative stress.

Mechanistic study on the pharmacokinetic process of salidroside in hypoxic rats / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of hypoxia on the pharmacokinetic process of salidrosidein rats and to explore its underlying mechanisms. METHODS The Caco-2 cell monolayerwas exposed to 1% oxygen (O2) concentration for 24 h to build the hypoxiccell model. The transportation mode of salidroside was investigated with the aid of this hypoxia model by detecting the apparent permeability coefficient(Papp). Healthy Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to 9% O2 for 72 h for the construction of hypoxic rat model. Liver sample was subsequently collected from the hypoxic rats with an aim to identify enzymes responsible for salidroside metabolism. The expression levels of sali?droside-transporting and salidroside-metabolizing enzymes, including Sodium-dependent glucose cotrans?porters (SGLT1), β-glucosidase (GBA3)and sulfotransferase (SULT2A1), were thereafter detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. The metabolic activity of GBA3 and SULT2A1 was monitored by rat liver microsome incubation.In addition, the renal function of rats under hypoxia was assessed by detecting concentrations of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. RESULTS The AUC and t1/2 values of salidroside in hypoxic rats were more than doubled, while the in vivo clearance was significantly reduced. Mechanistic study demonstrated that the PappA- B/PappB- A eualsto 10.3, indicating the potential active transport of salidrosile. The expression of SGLT1 and GBA3 was significantly decreased, which indicated a reduced metabolism of salidroside under hypoxia. Moreover, rat under hypoxia was found to suffer from renal dysfunction, with an abnormal value of blood urea nitrogen. CONCLUSION Due to the reduced metabolism and the abnormal renal function under hypoxia, the systemic exposure of salidroside in rats was signifi?cantly enhanced.